الزجاج البلوري أو الزجاج المحتوي على الرصاص هو نوع من الزجاج سيليكات يحتوي على أكسيد الرصاص في تكوينه. هذا النوع من الزجاج له مظهر لامع ويشبه بلورات الكوارتز ، ويبدو أن سبب وضع العلامات عليه هو نفسه. الزجاج الذي يحتوي على أكثر من 24٪ من وزن أكسيد الرصاص يسمى الزجاج البلوري. لكن زجاج الكريستال يحتوي عادة على 24 إلى 32 في المائة من وزن أكسيد الرصاص. مكون رئيسي آخر من الزجاج البلوري هو SiO2. كما يستخدم أكسيد الصوديوم وأكسيد البوتاسيوم في تكوين الزجاج البلوري.
إن وجود الرصاص في الزجاج البلوري يزيد من معامل الانكسار للضوء في هذا النوع من الزجاج ، ونتيجة لذلك ، فإن الزجاج البلوري له بريق وبريق. تتمتع هذه النظارات أيضًا بصلابة منخفضة ويمكن حلقها. لذلك ، تصنع أواني زخرفية تسمى أواني كريستالية من هذه المادة. أيضا ، لأن الرصاص عنصر ذو كتلة ذرية عالية ، فإن كثافة الزجاج المحتوي على الرصاص أعلى من الأنواع الأخرى من الزجاج. يحتوي زجاج الكريستال أيضًا على معامل مرونة منخفض ، ينتج عنه صوت صدئ من الصدمة ، وكلمة الكريستال لها جذور يونانية وتعني “مجمدة بسبب البرد”. استخدم الإغريق البلورة للإشارة إلى باب الجبل. كانوا يعتقدون أنه إذا تم الاحتفاظ بالمياه في درجات حرارة منخفضة جدًا لفترة من الوقت ، فستصبح مستقرة عند درجات حرارة عالية. “البلورة” هي أيضًا جذر “البلورة”. تم العثور على أول إشارة إلى الترتيب المنتظم لجزيئات البلور في أعمال الفلكي الشهير جيه كيبلر (1619) وروبرت هوك (1665) ، مكتشف المجهر. بعد مرور بعض الوقت ، قام العالم الشهير كريستيان هيوز (1690) بفحص الخصائص البصرية لبلورات الكالسيت (CaCO3) واقترح فرضية أن البلورات مصنوعة من جزيئات صغيرة جدًا ذات شكل محدد. بعد ذلك ، M.V. أكمل Omonosov (1711-1765) نظرية الجسيمات من بنية المواد. وافترض أن الجسيمات كانت كروية الشكل.
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